![]() tubifex in the aquatic ecosystem with respect to other aquatic invertebrate species. ![]() Species sensitivity distributions (SSD) illustrated the toxic impact of nitrate on T. The maximum integrated biomarker response was observed at 14 th day of T2 concentration (20% of 96 h LC 50 value) of nitrate. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) assessment revealed that the combined effect of stress biomarkers increased gradually with increasing exposure time and nitrate concentration. The nitrate exposed worms showed an increased level of MDA that signifies lipid deterioration. The effect of sublethal concentration (10% and 20% of 96 h LC 50) of nitrate on differential expression of oxidative stress enzymes was also investigated over a period of 14 days exposure. The nitrate-treated worms during acute exposure displayed certain behavioural abnormalities such as erratic movements, wrinkling tendency, profuse mucus secretion, and lower clumping tendency. The acute toxicity of nitrate for 96 h of exposure on the worm is reported to be 664.38 mg/l. The determination of nitrate toxicity on the benthic oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex is primarily detailed in this article along with enzymatic, toxicokinetic and statistical evidences. The benthic macroinvertebrates, which are necessary for maintaining the structure and functioning of the aquatic ecosystem, are the primary victims of this pollution. That revolve nitrate pollution is a serious global concern. Climate change due to global warming and anthropogenic misconduct increases the amount of nitrogen in rivers and other aquatic ecosystems. In the aquatic ecosystem, it is available in the inorganic forms of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. Nitrogen is one of the major components of all biological systems.
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